Determination of Sex from Index and Ring Finger Ratio in Neonates
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/Keywords:
Forensic, Identification, Neonate, Digit, SexAbstract
Determination of identity is one of the important concerns in forensic medicine, especially in neonatal age group. The purpose of present study is to evaluate sexual dimorphism of index and ring finger in neonates. The study was carried out on a cross sectional sample of 60 neonates out of which 30 were males and the remaining 30 were females. Data on age, sex and weight were collected. Statistically data was expressed as mean ± Standard deviation (± SD). Descriptive statistics and Students‘-test were used to analyze and determine the parameters studied in both male and female neonates. 2D:4D ratio was calculated on both hands of each individual. The relationship between the parameters studied was established using Pearson correlation to establish the strength of the relationship between the lengths of second and fourth digits (2D&4D), and the digit ratios. Statistical significance was accepted at P value less than 0.05 (P<0.05). The 2D:4D ratios were found higher in female neonates than male neonates and appear sexually dimorphic. The present study suggests that 2D:4D ratio of less than 0.93 suggests male neonate while a ratio of 0.93 or more suggests female neonate.
Downloads
References
Ibegbu AO, Danjuma ZC, Hamman WO, Umana UE, Ikyembe DT, Musa SA. Anthropometric study of the index (2nd) and ring (4th) digits in Ebira ethnic group of Nigeria. Asian J Med Sci 2012; 4:79- 84.
Manning JT, Barley L, Walton J. The 2nd:4th digit ratio, sexual dimorphism, population differences and reproductive success: Evidence for sexually antagonistic genes? Evol Hum Behav 2000; 21: 163-83.
McFadden D, Loehlin JC, Breedlove SM, Lippa RA, Manning JT, Rahman Q. A reanalysis of five studies on sexual orientation and the relative length of the 2nd and 4th fingers (the 2D:4Dratio). Arch Sex Behav2005; 34:341-56.
Gillam L, McDonald R, Ebling FJP, Mayhew TM. Human 2D (index) and 4D (ring) finger lengths and ratios: cross-sectional data
on linear growth patterns, sexual dimorphism and lateral asymmetry from 4 to 60 years of age. J Anat. 2008;213:325-35
Manning JT, Stewart A, Bundred PE, Trivers RL. Sex and ethnic differences in 2nd to 4th digit ratio of children. Early Hum Dev. 2004; 80:161-168.
Churchill ATG, Manning JT, Peters M. The effect of the sex, ethnicity and sexual orientation on self-measured digit ratio (2D:4D). Arch Sex Behav2007; 36: 251-60.
Kanchan T, Kumar GP, Menezes RG. Index and ring finger ratio – a new sex determinant in south Indian population. Forensic Sci. Int. 2008;181:53e1-e4
Dahodwala TM, Bardale RV, Sonar VD. Determination of Sex from Index and Ring Finger Ratio. Indian J Forensic Med Pathol 2013; 6:47-51.
Kanchan T, Kumar GP. Index and ring finger ratio – a morphologic sex determinant in South Indian children. Forensic Sci. Med Pathol 2010;6:255-60
Kanchan T, Kumar GP, Menezes RG, Rastogi P, Rao PP, Menon A et al. Sexual dimorphism of the index to ring finger ratio in South Indian adolescents. J Forensic Leg Med 2010;17:243-6
Galis F, Broek TCMA, Van Dongen S, Wijnaendts LCD. Sexual Dimorphism in the prenatal digit ratio (2D:4D). Arch Sex Behav. 2010; 39:57–62
Malas MA, Dogan S, Evcil EH, Desdicioglu K. Fetal development of the hand, digits and digits ratio (2D:4D). Early Hum Dev. 2006; 82, 469-75.
Ventura T. Gomes MC, Pita A, Neto MT, Taylor A. Digit ratio (2D:4D) in newborns: influences of prenatal testosterone and maternal environment. Early Hum Dev. 2013; 89:107-12.
Manning JT, Scutt D, Wilson J, Lewis-Jones DI. The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: A predictor of sperm numbers and concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and oestrogen. Hum Reprod 1998; 13: 3000-04.
Trivers R, Manning J, Jacobson A. A longitudinal study of digit ratio (2D:4D) and other finger ratios in Jamaican children. Hormones and behavior 2006; 49:150-6.
